in 193By having the stated aim of "resurrecting" a negro spiritual, mental, sociable & economic problem of the black human & woman of Us & the world.

Louis Farrakhan is currently the leader of The United states of Islam & survives around Chicago, Illinois. A United states of Islam's headquarters within Chicago, known as The National Center, houses Mosque There are no. Ii currently called Mosque Maryam around dedication to Mary, the mother of Jesus. Jesus, or even Isa around Arabic, is respected & honored per Islamic faith as a prophet & angel.

A Final Call for is the official newspaper of the NOI in the United States.

History

NOI: 1930-1975
A original United states of Islam was founded in the U.S. in 1930 by Wallace Fard Muhammad (1877, 1891 or 1893- 1934?), whom NOI adherents believe to be God incarnate.

One of Fard's number one adherent was Elijah Poole, whose title Fard late changed to Elijah Muhammad (1897-1975). Elijah Muhammad began preaching that W.F. Muhammad was literally God in person.

Elijah Muhammad was natural in Georgia, but later moved to Detroit, where he came into contact with Fard Muhammad through his wife Clara Muhammad and accepted his teachings. He one of these days traveled a united states, setting higher mosques, and known as the children based on data from his sequence of arrival. Around New York to this day, the mosque there exists however known as Mosque There are no. Vii, because it was a seventh mosque Elijah Muhammad visited. All over instance, Elijah Muhammad's followers spread his teachings, from either streets and meeting halls to correctional institutions.

One of a United states of Islam's core beliefs is that a "so-called American Negro" has been miseducated by public schools using the express intent of preserving a formulas of whiten domination. Extremely critical of the facilities & quality of education available in the united states's public schools, which were segregated at a instance, a NOI established an independent, parochial school within various cities, calling every a single a University of Islam. This move led to confrontations using a authorities. Witharound Detroit in 1934, a squad of officer raided the NOI school & arrested Dozen teachers for "contributing to the delinquency of minors". Because students were non enrolled inside the state-accredited school, legally, it were considered truant. Based on data from reports, United states of Islam members demonstrated for the teachers' release, asserting their trend lines of the NOI common soldier school ahead of Detroit Police force headquarters. (Desiree Cooper, Serving turn the sect into the united states, Detroit Yours free! Click, March 31, 2005)

Commenting on a confrontation & the United states of Islam's guide to install independent schools, Elijah Muhammad said:

s and the absence of the "proper" Muslim title. At length, a 'X' is replaced by owning an Arabic title additional descriptive of the individual's personality & character. Yet, Malcolm X took a title El-Hajj Malik El-Shabazz.

1955 brought a arrival of new NOI leader Louis Eugene Walcott, late to exist as referred to as Louis Farrakhan. The calypso singer and violinist, Walcott first became acquainted a teachings of Elijah Muhammad when attending a NOI's annual Saviours' Day convention in Chicago. Walcott accepted Elijah Muhammad's teachings that day and became "Louis X" prior to years late existence renamed "Louis Farrakhan" by Muhammad. When a assassination of Malcolm X within 1965, Farrakhan became imam of Mosque No. Heptad & a official spokesman for the United states. In the wake up of the doctrinal schism in the organization when Elijah Muhammad's dying tenner years late, Farrakhan would be the leading voice of a "purist" faction, which sought to attach to Muhammad's teachings & a melanize nationalist dogma.

. Wallace Muhammad got been suspended from either a NOI for "dissident views" & ideologic rifts using his father across religious doctrine, however got been restored to the organization by 1974. [http://www.pbs.org/thisfarbyfaith/people/warith_deen_mohammed.html]

Muslim American Society: 1975
Whilst W.D. (Wallace) Muhammad wwhen installed as Supreme Minister of the United states of Islam inside 1975, he immediately began to reformulate his father's beliefs and practices to bring NOI nigher to mainstream Sunni Islam. He renamed his organization the total of days, subsidence on the Muslim American Society, and numerous of his followers assimilated into mainstream Islam. Wallace Muhammad publicly shunned his father's theology & melanize fissiparoU.s.a. views, accepted whites when fellow worshipers & attempted to forge nearer ties by using mainstream Muslim communities in the US. Wallace late changed his have title to Warith Deen Muhammad.

A new NOI: 1978
At a offset of Wallace Muhammad's leadership of a United states, numerous members were disturbed at the movement's fresh, moderate counsel; & the minority of the two years late formed other doctrinaire sliver groups. the first one was Louis Farrakhan, world health organization, inside a 1990 locate by owning Emerge Magazine, expressed his disillusion by owning a changes & decided to "quietly walk away" from a organization within 1976, like than stimulate a schism among the membership. Within 1978, after wrestling sustaining a changes & sequent disassembly of a NOI, Farrakhan & his supporters decided to rebuild a original United states of Islam upon the foundation established by W. Fard Muhammad & Elijah Muhammad.

Around 1979, the United states of Islam's newspaper, Muhammad Speaks was reestablished by Farrakhan under a title, A Final Call for.

Within 1981, Farrakhan publicly announced the restoration of the United states of Islam & proceed by having Elijah Muhammad's teachings.

Inside 1988 a resurgent United states of Islam repurchased its previous flagship mosque & headquarters around Chicago & dedicated it when Mosque Maryam, the "National Center for the Re-training and Re-education of the Black Man and Woman of America and the World".

Within October 1994, a 2,000-member delegation from either a United States traveled to Accra, Ghana, for the Nation of Islam's number 1 International Saviours' Day convention on the African continent. Ghanaian President Jerry Rawlings officially opened and closed a 5-day convention.

Within December 1997, the United states of Islam sponsored a globe tour known as the World Friendship Tour III. [http://worldfriendshiptour.noi.org/] a delegation of Muslim & Christian clergy from either United states of america, led by Minister Louis Farrakhan, visited a Caribbean & well-nigh Xl countries, too, including Canada, Mali, South Africa, South Korea, Iraq, Iran, Israel, Russia, Arabia, Libya, Cuba, Egypt & the Philippines. Using a themes of the Million Human March held 2 years earliest, Farrakhan declared the mission of the tour to "spread the message of atonement, reconciliation and responsibility."

The Million Man March: 1995
Within 1995 Farrakhan convened what his followers say was the big march inside U.S. history, a Million Man March.

Reconciliation: 2000
Marking Seventy years since a United states of Islam was founded around America, within 2000 Imam Warith Deen Muhammad & Minister Louis Farrakhan publicly embraced & declared unity and reconciliation at a annual Saviours' Day convention.

Around comments to the audience, Imam Warith Deen Muhammad said:

"Dear Muslim brothers and sisters, it is not difficult for Minister Farrakhan and Wallace D. Mohammed to embrace each other. That’s easy for us. When I first met him in the early ’50s, I liked him on first sight, and I became his friend and his brother. And I have not stopped being his friend and his brother. Maybe he has not understood ..., but I have always been his friend and his brother. For me, this is too big a cause for our personal problems and differences. Allah-u Akbar ("God is swell"). [http://www.finalcall.com/columns/mlf/2000/imam_wdm2-25-2000.html FCN, 02/25/2000]

Farrakhan and Muhammad have continued to promote unity between their communities with prayer services and joint projects. [http://www.finalcall.com/national/prayer_service02-26-2002.htm FCN, 02-26-2002]

Millions More Movement: 2005
10 years after the historic Million Man March, Nation of Islam leader Minister Louis Farrakhan and diverse coalition of Black leaders announced plans to launch The Millions More Movement in commemoration of the 10th Anniversary of the Million Man March. Plans called for a mass march on Washington, D.C. on October 15, 2005 to galvanize public support for the movement's goals. [http://www.millionsmoremovement.com/news/webcast.htm MillionsMoreMovement.com, 05-02-2005]

Beliefs and theology
The official beliefs as stated by the Nation of Islam have been outlined in books, documents and articles published by the organization as well as speeches by Elijah Muhammed, Malcolm X, Louis Farrakhan and other ministers. Many of Elijah Muhammad's teachings may be found in "Message to the Blackman inside Usa" and "A True History of Jesus when Taught per Honorable Elijah Muhammad" (Chicago: Coalition for the Remembrance of Elijah, 1992). Many of Malcolm's X's teachings of NOI theology are in his "A Prevent of White Globe Supremacy", while a later more critical discussion of those beliefs can be found in his "A Autobiography of Malcolm X", co-written with Alex Haley.

Passed down via lessons written in 1930 from W. Fard Muhammad and Elijah Muhammad, the Nation of Islam continues to teach its followers that the present world society is segmented into three distinct categories. They teach that from a general perspective, 85% of the world's people of all races and faiths are the "indifferent, dumb & unsighted" masses of the people who "come well led in the incorrectly counsel & strong to lead in the perfect counsel". These 85% of the masses are said to be constantly manipulated by 10% of the people who are referred to as "the rich slave-slave-making ant" (mental and otherwise) of the masses of the people. Those 10% rich "slave-slave-making ant" manipulate the 85% masses of the people through ignorance, the skillful use of religious doctrine and the mass media.

The third group referred to as the 5% "unfortunate righteous teachers" of the people of world (from a general perspective) who know the truth of the manipulation of the 85% masses of the people by the 10% and that 5% "righteous teachers" are at constant struggle and war with 10% in an effort to reach and "free streaming a minds" of the masses of the people.

Black experience of slavery was Bible prophecy
The NOI teaches that black people constitute a nation and that through the institution of the Atlantic slave trade they were systematically denied knowledge of their past history, language, culture and religion and in effect lost control of their lives. Central to this doctrine, NOI theology asserts that black people's experience of slavery was the fulfillment of Bible prophecy and therefore, black people are the seed of Abraham referred to in the Bible, in Genesis 15:13,14:

And Acts 7:6: Relations with Whites
The Nation of Islam teaches that black people were the original humans. Louis Farrakhan has stated that "White race come likely man…it haven’t evolved however." (Philadelphia Inquirer, 3/18/00).

In an interview on NBC's Meet the Press, Louis Farrakhan said the following in response to host Tim Russert's question on the Nation of Islam's teachings on race:

Pressed by Russert on whether he agreed with Elijah Muhammad's preaching that whites are blue-eyed devils, Farrakhan responded:

While Malcolm X was a member of the Nation of Islam he also preached that black people were genetically superior to white people. He later repudiated this belief.

Beliefs about God and creation
''The Nation of Islam teaches that the universe was created seventy-eight trillion years ago. At this time the first God was self-created on this planet, Earth. "He was a just A single in the wholly entire dark Universe. He got to hold off until a atom of life produced brains to believe what He required. How else yearn was that? I personally don't understand, Brothers. However He was the Black huhuman, the Black man! (My Saviour Has Arrived)

Inside direct contrast to a beliefs of tons more monotheistic faiths, Elijah Muhammed taught that a original physical manifestation of God around human died still the essence of God is infinite. Since so my entire universe has been ruled by a council of twenty 4 melanize man of science, a head man of science existence referred to as Allah or even the Supreme Existence. (Elijah Muhammed, Message to the Blackman inside Usa) ''Of these god would came when the second, & each 25,000 years these sequent gods would produce a newly civilization. These gods themselves were finite, & would at length die notwithstanding their infinite essence or even spirit is ever-dwelling & doesn't pass away. Elijah Muhammed writes "Allah . . . taught me that there are not any gods Who live forever. Their wisdom and work may live six thousand or twenty-five thousand years, but the actual individual may have died within a hundred or two hundred years, or the longest that we have a record of, around a thousand years." (Muhammad, My Saviour p.96) There keep close at h& been a succession of gods, apiece the black human, and inside my todays instance the Supreme God incarnate is W.D. Fard. Fard disappeared within 1933, however is believed to become however alive, & might go to by using the final holy book.

The Mother Plane
Elijah Muhammad taught all about the belief in the "Mother Plane", the UFO. This plane is linked to the visions seen per prophet Ezekiel in the Book of Ezekiel, in the Hebrew Bible. Louis Farrakhan commenting on this teaching said a below:

Mythmaking and history
like numerous religions, a NOI teaches its disciple its theology & beliefs across sermons, lectures, & around-home publications (such as newspapers.) Such as several religions, a method where NOI teachers acquire & teach their beliefs is non in unison by using modern critical historical methods.A 1st book analyzing a United states of Islam was A Black Muslims around United states of america (1961) by C. Eric Lincoln. He describes how else religious services utilize myths & all over-generalizations to indoctrinate NOI disciple.

Legend of the 1975 death/ disappearance of Elijah Muhammad
Members of the United states of Islam keep around hanker held that Elijah Muhammad did non die, however instead escaped the dying plot, was restored to health, & is aboard "that huge wheel-like plane that is even now flying over our heads." Among Muhammad's rider on the thus-alleged "Mother Wheel" is the mysterious figure known as W.D. Fard, a weak-skinned human world health organization Muhammad said come from either the Middle East & told him he was Allah. (No grounds to believe Fard ever claimed divinity & plenty of grounds to believe, including from either Wallace Muhammad, that says he didn't. Fard is quoted when saying to Elijah Muhammad, "You can say whatever you want about me when I'm gone.") Fard was actually the mixed-race (Fard's mother, Alice Dodd, was the Caucasian natural around Engl&) Future Zealander, born Wali Dodd Fard, world health organization late illicitly entered the United States across Canada and world health organization afterwards served instance within a U.S. prison for drug traffic & more offenses. His have mysterious disappearance occurred dead inside 1933, & it was to Elijah Muhammad that Fard left his "church." Farrakhan's followers guess that Muhammad is "the Last Messenger of Allah" & may shortly link to & lead the children to redemption.

Divergence from mainstream Islam
NOI is viewed by tons but all Muslims as a heterodox cult. a understanding cited virtually all typically by traditional Muslims is that a NOI has taught that God would manifest himself around a human (Fard Muhammad) -- within Islam, the virtually all central article of faith is the statement, "There is no god but Allah, and Muhammad is His Prophet," -- & that a single race (a negro race) is superior to more races, wherewhen Islam believes in the sum transcendence of God, & that population of a lot races come created as peer and hold such by God.

Numerous Muslims reject and disapprove of this class action because of its wilders rsi divergence, every now and again extreme, from either a teachings of mainstream Islam. A bit of Muslims refer to NOI using a dyslogistic term Farrakhanism sequentially to distinguish themselves from either it.

Prefer mainstream Islam, a United states of Islam preaches adherence to the "five pillars of the (Islamic) faith": salaat, or even prayer, 5 days daily facing due East, toward a city of god of Mecca; zakat il-fitr, charity to a poor; fast when you took the holy year of Ramadan; & that each Muslim world health organization is physically and financially take a breath must produce Hajj, the pilgrim's journey to Mecca, at least once in his or her life-time. A NOI too teaches morality & private decorousness, accentuation modesty, reciprocal respect & discipline within dress & presence. NOI disciple don't consume pork, stress a fit diet & good shape, & the consumption of alcohol & tobacco is frowned upon. Around these respects, a NOI is generally agreement sustaining mainstream Islamic tradition. Yet, a United states of Islam argues that because of the unique own household budget of the oppression & degradation of slavery, Elijah Muhammad used unique methods for introducing Islam to his humans.

Inside more matters, NOI teachings vary markedly from either traditional Islam.

God's incarnation NOI: Teaches that "Allah (God) appeared in the Person of Master W. Fard Muhammad, July, 1930; the long-awaited Messiah of the Christians and the Mahdi of the Muslims." Mainstream Islam: Teaches that these are heterodox & blasphemous to think that God would manifest Himself around man form (or even any poop form). God is incorporeal.

Resurrection of the dead NOI: Teaches a resurrection of the dead—non inside physical resurrection—however inside mental resurrection. It think that a black human & woman of Us come virtually all around want of mental resurrection; so it is resurrected 1st. Mainstream Islam: teaches that there might literally become the physical resurrection of the billions & billions of dead population worldwide, & that resurrected souls (or bodies) is sent to paradise or hell.

Relations sustaining Caucasians NOI: Teaches that the black huhuman is the original man of the planet Globe & that Caucasians were created by the graft (selective breeding) run devised by a scientist called Yakub. It teach that Caucasian Muslims come their brothers in the faith of Islam & should become honored per se. Nonetheless, it too teach that Caucasians come inherently evil & so come non accepted into a NOI (totally more races are eligible, even so). Mainstream Islam: Teaches that 100% races come created match in the eyes of God. Population of everthing races can convert to Islam & come fully accepted. Islam recognizes a biblical & Quranic figure, the patriarch Jacob, but this Jacob is viewed by Muslims as a prophet, & is non attached to the Yakub of the NOI. Mainstream Islam doesn't teach a being of Yakub.

Actions and programs
the NOI has a "Do for self" philosophy, which resulted in the NOI with & operating hundreds of businesses countrywide, using hundreds to thousands of population. A NOI has purchased & okay, operates food industry services, bakehouse & eating house. It owns the big numbers of farmland around Georgia, USA. It owns & operates hair care shops. A select few one business ventures use been profits stories. Others develop been criticised when Amway-style marketing schemes that stand non benefited virtually all of their employees.

A NOI has worked to do higher junky, reform working girl, & keep melanise youth away from gangs. It has helped the select few recently discharged ex-convicts produce a fresh begin & stay away from gaol.

In The Fire Next Period, James Baldwin wrote:

In a period of A Eighties crack cocain epidemic, The United States Department of Housing and Urban Development employed several personal house redo by members of the United states of Islam to provide security around public housing inside melanise neighborhoods. A Anti-Defamation League was successful inside lobbying congress to sever a HUD contracts.[http://www.polyconomics.com/searchbase/03-03-98.html]

Controversies
Labeled a hate group
Around 1998, the Southern Poverty Law Center declared the United states of Islam the hate group. A Anti-Defamation League has also mass produced similar claims.

Relations with other ethnic groups, other faith communities
Relationships with Christian groups

A NOI has criticized Christianity as insofar as its doctrinal interpretation has been the thing for the enslavement & oppression of melanize population. At various days NOI ministers st& criticized Christian theology and of these previous minister referred to a Pope as a "cracker" before being publicly reprimanded per organization for utilizing such language.

A few Christian leaders & churches, particularly melanise clergy & melanise congregations throughout United states have a history of close relations using a United states of Islam, including Rpm. Jesse Jackson Jr. & Revolutions per minute. Al Sharpton. United Pentecostal Churches of Christ Bishop Travis Grant, in explaining his willingness to operate together sustaining a United states of Islam, said:

You brought Brothers from either completely across a united states to meet by owning Minister Farrakhan, thus i personally can last inside his at home to lead off that run of dialogue. My Bible teaches u.s., “All told of my developing, develop an understanding.” My Bible says the friend might stick nearer than the Brother. Minister Farrakhan has non sole been the Brother, however he’s been a friend to my community. Several of my Brothers use at times seen Minister Farrakhan through the lens & eyes of humans world health organization obviously misinterpret & misrepresent his words, spirit & heart. ..The wow section of my community loves Minister Farrakhan, however doesn't use an understanding of Islam. It love my Christian Brothers & don't have a admittedly understanding of what tons of america think. I can totally clean a great service to my community around putting down my differences & highlighting my similarities & most common ground, & leaving my population a freedom & perfect to buy whatever it obviously suppose. [http://www.finalcall.com/artman/publish/article_1857.shtml FCN, 03/10/2005]

Relationships with Jews
Based on datthe from virtually all Jewish groups, a bit of humanistic groups, & numerous Christian groups, a United states of Islam has a history of anti-Jewish rhetoric. It accuse a United states of Islam of claiming that Jews financed Nazi Germany, of describing Jews when "blood suckers", & insisting Jews played the key role in the Atlantic slave trade. Inside response, a United states of Islam has argued that it stated that just a few flush Zionist Jews (like Goldman Sachs & Company of New York) participated in the financing of Nazi Germany, and that only some Jewish, Asian and Arab merchants in predominantly black, inner-city neighborhoods in the United States have been described as "blood suckers" for alleged profitting from the communities without giving back to those communities. Watch Nation of Islam and anti-Semitism for detail. The secret relationship between Blacks and Jews
In a Nineties a United states of Islam published an anon. function, which at the period was presented as an academician, scholarly survey of the historical relationship between blacks & Jewish population. This book jointly accused a Jewish humans of inducing anti-Semitism, of getting racist hate towards blacks, & of existence largely responsible the slave trade. This book wwhen widely accepted as factual among several NOI disciple & was sold in college campuses.

Around the 1991 view of the book, Donald Muhammad writes: This book was roundly criticised by Jewish groups as anti-Semitic. Many historians (not incorrectly) claimed that the book systematically misquoted individuals, falsified quotes, forged figures, and presented facts out of context.

Henry Louis Gates, Jr., professor of the Humanities at Harvard University said: While the book is considered to be debunked by all mainstream scholars in American and European universities, Farrakhan still preaches the ideas in this book as factual. For instance,: Alleged relationship with dictators
It is alleged by the Anti-Defamation League that the organization at times has become dependent on funding by world leaders widely considered to be dictators, however many have rejected that notion citing the fact that the Anti-Defamation League has never substantiated the allegations.

In January 1996 Louis Farrakhan went on a 27-day world tour. Farrakhan met publicly and privately with leaders of Mali, the Palestinian Authority, Niger, Zimbabwe, Malawi, Cuba, Iran, Iraq, Sudan, Libya and Nigeria, as well as meeting with former President Nelson Mandela in South Africa. The Nation of Islam's chronicalization of the world tour is documented online at [http://worldfriendshiptour.noi.org the World Friendship Tour website].

Attitude to Hezbollah

According to an October 9, 1996 press release from the Anti-Defamation League, the Nation of Islam believes that Hezbollah are freedom-fighters, as do many governments around the world, including most of the Arab world and many Lebanese, while the U.S. State Department and several groups within the European Union view them as terrorists. According to the October 9, ADL press release, Farrakhan said the following:

Splinter Groups

Several splinter groups have formed since the passing of Elijah Muhammad. Farrakhan's NOI is the most prominent but the teachings continue in other groups.

[http://www.silismuhammad.com/home2.html Lost-Found Nation of Islam] [http://unitednationofislam.com/ United Nation of Islam] [http://noic.ca/home.html Nation of Islam Canada] [http://www.newnationofislam.com/ New Nation of Islam] [http://www.mnoi.org/ Messianic Nation of Islam]